Oncohematology
Monoblast Morphology in Peripheral Blood
Cytological features and morphology of monoblasts in a peripheral blood smear: evaluation of nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and chromatin structure.
Clinical cases
Urothelial Carcinoma in Pleural Effusion: Cytology
A case of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in pleural fluid: cell morphology with vacuolization, immunocytochemistry, and differential diagnosis.
Parasitology
Microsporidia: Spore Morphology in Corneal Section
Morphology and microscopic identification of microsporidia spores in corneal sections. Giemsa stain, polar tube extrusion, and main causative agents.
Hematology
Cytomorphology Challenge: Cell Differentiation in Blood Smear
A diagnostic microscopy exercise for a 55-year-old patient with fever and sweating: identify the cell population based on morphology.
Laboratory methods
24-Hour Proteinuria: Preanalytical Stage Errors
Clinical case: how violation of 24-hour urine collection rules for proteinuria led to falsely low results and delayed diagnosis of nephropathy.
Parasitology
Moniliformis moniliformis Egg: Morphology and Diagnosis
Laboratory diagnosis of moniliformiasis: morphology of the Moniliformis moniliformis acanthocephalan egg, human infection routes, and clinical manifestations of the invasion.
Clinical cases
Cytology of Hobnail Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Cytological features of hobnail variant papillary thyroid carcinoma: comet and bowling pin-shaped cells, pseudoinclusions, and diagnostic criteria.
Laboratory methods
Errors in Ziehl-Neelsen Carbol Fuchsin Preparation
An analysis of an error in preparing Ziehl-Neelsen carbol fuchsin stain: why the dye solution unexpectedly turned green. A common lab mistake.
Hematology
Proerythroblasts or Plasmacytes: A Feline Blood Smear Case
A hematology clinical case: differentiating basophilic mononuclear cells in a peripheral blood smear from a cat with severe macrocytic anemia.
Lab test interpretation
Case Study: Spherical Structures in Vaginal Smear
A clinical microscopy exercise on a vaginal smear from a 58-year-old woman: identify the origin of multiple spherical objects.
Lab test interpretation
Analyzer Calibration Failure in TSH Testing
Analysis of a laboratory error: systematic analyzer calibration failure led to falsely low TSH results and hyperdiagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.
Parasitology
Parasitology Case: Helminth Egg Identification in Stool
A clinical parasitology exercise: differential diagnosis of helminthiasis based on egg morphology in stool during a routine check-up of a cafeteria worker.