Hematology
Plasmacyte or Plasmacytoid Lymphocyte: Blood Smear Challenge
A morphological hematology exercise: identify which numbered cell in the blood smear is a plasmacytoid lymphocyte and which is a plasma cell.
Laboratory methods
Impact of Hemolysis on AST Levels in Biochemistry
Analysis of preanalytical error: how unnoticed sample hemolysis leads to falsely elevated AST in blood biochemistry and erroneous suspicion of hepatitis.
Lab test interpretation
Coprogram Exercise: Identifying a Spiral Structure in Stool
A diagnostic exercise in stool microscopy. A student found an unusual spiral structure in a sample. Try to determine the nature of this finding.
Lab test interpretation
Clarithromycin Crystalluria in General Urinalysis
A clinical case of drug-induced crystalluria due to clarithromycin: macroscopic appearance and crystal morphology in urine sediment.
Parasitology
Morphology of Fasciola hepatica Egg in Fascioliasis
Microscopic morphological features of the trematode Fasciola hepatica egg: golden-brown shell and characteristic operculum at one pole.
Hematology
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia and Blue Bone Marrow
A clinical case of severe vitamin B12 deficiency with pancytopenia: blue bone marrow morphology and differential diagnostic errors.
Parasitology
Differential Morphology of Trematode Parasites
Morphological features of trematodes: Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Fasciola hepatica, and Paragonimus westermani in parasitology.
Oncohematology
Football-Ball Chromatin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Characteristic clumped nuclear chromatin structure of lymphocytes, resembling a football, in a blood smear from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Oncohematology
Erythroid Dysplasia: Signs of Dyserythropoiesis in MDS
Morphological criteria for erythroid dysplasia in myelodysplastic syndrome: multinuclearity, pyknosis, nuclear budding, and basophilic stippling.
Parasitology
Microscopic Diagnosis of Helminth Eggs and Protozoa
Microscopic features of parasites in stool and blood: eggs of Schistosoma, Ascaris, pinworms, hookworms, dwarf tapeworms, Giardia cysts, and trypanosomes.
Laboratory methods
False-Positive HIV PCR Result Due to Contamination
Analysis of a case involving a false-positive HIV PCR test result caused by amplicon contamination. Exploring the reasons for zoning violations in a PCR laboratory.
Parasitology
Schistosoma mekongi: Egg Morphology and S. japonicum Differences
Learn about Schistosoma mekongi: egg morphology with a short lateral spine, stool microscopy, and differential diagnosis from Schistosoma japonicum.