Parasitology
Hookworm Eggs in Stool: Diagnosing Ancylostomiasis
Morphological features of hookworm eggs during stool microscopy. Clinical manifestations of helminthiasis and the development of iron deficiency anemia.
Lab test interpretation
Cystine Crystals in Urine Sediment in Cystinuria
Characteristic hexagonal cystine crystals in acidic urine sediment: microscopic features, formation mechanism, and clinical significance in cystinuria.
Clinical cases
Hürthle Cells in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: FNA Cytology
Cytological findings of a fine-needle aspirate of the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Hürthle cell clusters with atypia and lymphoid infiltration.
Lab test interpretation
Neutral Fat in Stool: Microscopy in Steatorrhea
Microscopic appearance of neutral fat in stool in steatorrhea: comparison of native preparation and methylene blue staining in coprogram.
Parasitology
Antiparasitic Immunity: Role of Eosinophils and IgE
Mechanisms of antiparasitic immune response: role of Th2 lymphocytes, IgE secretion, and activation of eosinophils with release of cytotoxic granule proteins.
Laboratory methods
Aspergillus niger Identification: Colony Morphology
Cultivation and micromorphology of Aspergillus niger: colony growth on Sabouraud agar and conidiophore structure under microscopy.
Laboratory methods
Preanalytical Stage of Urinalysis: Collection and Delivery Rules
The importance of the preanalytical stage in general urinalysis: rules for biomaterial collection, transportation conditions to the laboratory, and common errors.
Hematology
Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome: Neutrophil Morphology
Learn about Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome: LYST gene mutation, giant granules in neutrophils on blood smear microscopy, and partial albinism.
Hematology
Monocyte vs. Lymphocyte: Differentiating Blood Smear Cells
Morphological criteria for differentiating monocytes and lymphocytes in a peripheral blood smear: nuclear features, chromatin structure, and cytoplasmic properties.
Lab test interpretation
Iodophilic Flora in Coprogram with Lugol's Stain
Morphology of iodophilic flora in coprogram: staining with Lugol's solution in a stool sample. Detection of large cocci and small rods by microscopy.
Hemostasis
Platelet Aggregation and Pseudothrombocytopenia in Blood Smears
Platelet aggregation as a cause of pseudothrombocytopenia: why aggregates accumulate at the edges of blood smears and why a precise platelet count cannot be reported.
Lab test interpretation
Uroscopy in the History of Laboratory Urine Diagnostics
The history of urine analysis: from Sumerian tablets and ancient uroscopy to visual assessment of biomaterial in a flask and the establishment of laboratory medicine.