Hematology
The differential white blood cell count
What the differential count is, how to read neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, and which pathological cells must never be missed.
Hematology
Reticulocytes: Supravital Staining and Clinical Significance
Morphology of reticulocytes, methods of supravital blood smear staining, reference ranges, causes of reticulocytosis and reticulocytopenia in clinical practice.
Oncohematology
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN)
A clinical case of BPDCN mimicking lymphoma: cell morphology in blood smear, immunophenotyping (CD56, CD123), and molecular diagnostics.
Hematology
Algorithm for Differential Diagnosis of Anemia in Children
A step-by-step algorithm for the differential diagnosis of anemia in pediatrics: evaluation of reticulocytes, bone marrow biopsy, Coombs tests, and iron metabolism.
Oncohematology
T-Lymphoblasts vs. T-Prolymphocytes: A Diagnostic Challenge
A clinical case illustrating the differential diagnosis between T-ALL and T-prolymphocytic leukemia, focusing on bone marrow lymphoblast morphology and flow cytometry data.
Oncohematology
Granular Blasts vs. Dysplastic Promyelocytes in MDS Morphology
IWGM-MDS criteria for differentiating granular blasts and dysplastic promyelocytes: evaluating the Golgi zone, chromatin, and granularity.
Hematology
Blood Group Determination on the Shroud of Turin
Laboratory findings on blood traces from the Shroud of Turin: hemoglobin detection, determination of blood group AB (IV), and DNA analysis.
Lab test interpretation
Critical Hypoglycemia & Errors in Biochemistry Reports
We discuss critical blood glucose levels, the consequences of severe hypoglycemia, and post-analytical errors in biochemical analysis reports.
Hematology
Differential Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency and B12 Anemia
A clinical case review: differentiating microcytic iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency based on MCV and ferritin levels.
Oncohematology
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Hypogranular Variant M3v
Morphology of atypical promyelocytes in hypogranular acute promyelocytic leukemia M3v: bilobed nuclei resembling butterfly wings in bone marrow.
Lab test interpretation
Elevated ALT, AST, and GGT: Differential Diagnosis
Clinical case review: isolated elevation of ALT, AST, and gamma-GT in a 36-year-old woman. Calculation of de Ritis ratio, search for causes, and examination plan.
Lab test interpretation
Elevated Amylase: Causes and Diagnostic Algorithm
Exploring non-pancreatic hyperamylasemia, the role of salivary gland involvement and macroamylasemia, and a clinical algorithm for patient evaluation.