Lab test interpretation
Hook Effect in Blood Biochemistry: Understanding & Avoiding
Learn about the hook effect in laboratory diagnostics, how it impacts biochemical test results, and strategies to avoid it for accurate interpretation.
Articles
Blood and bone marrow morphology, clinical cases and diagnostic algorithms. Most of the library is in Russian; the English section is growing.
Most of our material is written in Russian — that is the working language of the community. A few pieces exist in English; the rest of the library is one click away and the photographs need no translation.
Hemostasis
Platelet Aggregation & Fibrin Strands in Blood Smear
Microscopy of a blood smear showing platelet aggregation, fibrin strands, and toxic granulation of neutrophils in severe leukocytosis and thrombocytosis.
Oncohematology
Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Forms & Diagnosis
Explore the forms, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma, including clonal migration mechanisms, imaging, and therapeutic approaches.
Oncohematology
Osteoblasts in Bone Marrow in Pediatric Acute Leukemia
A clinical case of osteoblasts in bone marrow aspirate from a 5-year-old with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: causes and morphology.
Oncohematology
Peripheral Blood Morphology in Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Clinical case of MDS after chemotherapy with stromal fibrosis: severe poikilocytosis, hyposegmented neutrophils, normoblastosis, and blasts in a blood smear.
Hematology
Erythrocyte Morphology in Active Erythropoiesis
Morphological features of erythroid cells in bone marrow aspirate: erythrocyte division, binucleated forms, mitoses, and a mature megakaryocyte.
Oncohematology
Blast Morphology and Mitotic Figures in Acute Leukemia
Criteria for morphological assessment of blasts: chromatin, N/C ratio, nucleoli, and identification of mitotic figures in acute leukemia bone marrow smears.
Hematology
Paraneoplastic Hematologic Syndromes of Solid Tumors
Hematologic manifestations of solid tumors: mechanisms of erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and coagulopathies, and laboratory diagnostic approaches.
Oncohematology
Bone Marrow Plasmacytosis: Causes and Differential Diagnosis
Explore the causes of bone marrow plasmacytosis: reactive conditions, MGUS, and multiple myeloma. Understand the features of differential morphological diagnosis.
Lab test interpretation
Waxy Casts in Urine Sediment Microscopy: Morphology & Diagnosis
Explore the morphology of waxy casts in urine sediment microscopy in a patient with renal failure and proteinuria. Understand their formation and diagnostic significance.
Hematology
Megaloblasts and Dyserythropoiesis in Anemia During Pregnancy
Bone marrow morphology in severe mixed-origin anemia in a pregnant woman: megaloblasts, signs of dyserythropoiesis, and mitoses in the aspirate.
Hematology
Bone Marrow Cell Mitosis and Hematopoiesis Stages
Explore bone marrow cell division: blast proliferation, normoblast enucleation, megakaryocyte endomitosis, and the morphology of mitotic figures.