Oncohematology

B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child

A case of B-cell ALL in a 2.5-year-old child: blast morphology in blood smear, hemogram parameters, and flow cytometry phenotype (CD19, CD10, CD34).

🔬Clinical case from a doctor from 🇮🇱Israel - Anna Belen. B-ALL from a routine CBC batch. Boy, 2.5 years old. Hypochromic microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia. Monocytopenia is characteristic. CBC see photo. In the smear, 32% blasts, most with narrow vacuolated cytoplasm.

From the anamnesis it became known: 2 weeks ago, he was admitted to another hospital with complaints of periodic fever, weakness, diarrhea. On examination, pallor of the skin; lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly were not found. The CBC showed anemia, without thrombocytopenia, leukocyte differential was normal. He was discharged with a diagnosis of: Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. Two subsequent analyses showed no changes, until 2 weeks later blasts “jumped out” into the blood.

Immunophenotyping showed a blast population negative for CD45, positive for CD34, 19, 10 (red color). The blue population is normal B-lymphocytes. The child was sent from home to a specialized children’s clinic.