Lab test interpretation
Ferritin and Serum Iron in Iron Deficiency Diagnosis
A clinical case of iron deficiency: why serum iron remains normal despite low ferritin, high TIBC, and clinical symptoms of sideropenia.
Topic
Lab test interpretation
Lab test interpretation
BNP and NT-proBNP in Heart Failure Diagnostics
Reference ranges and cut-off levels for BNP and NT-proBNP in heart failure exclusion and confirmation, and indications for echocardiography.
Lab test interpretation
Differential Diagnosis of Proteinuria: An Algorithm
A step-by-step algorithm for the differential diagnosis of proteinuria: toxicological history, orthostatic test, and laboratory investigation of causes.
Lab test interpretation
Sperm Agglutination and Aggregation in Spermogram
Types and degrees of sperm agglutination in spermogram. Distinguishing true agglutination from aggregation and its clinical significance in male infertility.
Lab test interpretation
Microscopy of Vaginal Smear: Reference Intervals
Reference values for microscopy of vaginal, cervical, and urethral discharge: normal ranges for leukocytes, epithelium, microflora, and criteria for pathological deviations.
Lab test interpretation
Laboratory Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism: An Algorithm
An algorithm for laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism: evaluating TSH, free T4, T3, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies for differential diagnosis.
Lab test interpretation
Hematuria Differential Diagnosis: An Algorithmic Approach
An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of hematuria in pediatrics and nephrology: identifying causes of erythrocyturia, glomerulonephritis, UTIs, and hereditary nephropathies.
Lab test interpretation
Molecular Structure and Functions of C-Reactive Protein
Features of C-reactive protein structure as a pentraxin representative: pentameric annular structure, binding of calcium ions and ligands.
Lab test interpretation
Immunoglobulin Structure & Properties: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Comparative characteristics of major immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE): molecular structure, subclasses, concentration, and half-life.
Lab test interpretation
Diuretic-Induced Hyperkalemia: A Clinical Case Study
Analysis of an iatrogenic hyperkalemia case: potassium levels rose to 6.7 mmol/L due to concurrent spironolactone and potassium supplement intake.
Lab test interpretation
Alkaline Phosphatase in Liver Injury: An Assessment Algorithm
Causes of elevated alkaline phosphatase in hepatitis, cholestasis, and liver tumors. Differential diagnosis algorithm based on enzyme elevation levels.
Lab test interpretation
Pleural Fluid Cytology in Pleurisy and COVID-19
Morphological examination of a pleural fluid smear from a patient with pleurisy and COVID-19: differential diagnosis of effusion cells by microscopy.